What happens in protein synthesis?

HI! RNA acts as the information bridge between DNA and protein. mRNA is the message that carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm. tRNA is the adaptor that reads the mRNA and brings the amino acids to the ribosomes for protein synthesis. RNA polymerase is an enzyme that makes RNA using a DNA template. Like DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase adds nucleotides in the 5' to 3' direction. Let's try an example. If Gene X begins with this T on the DNA, what is the corresponding mRNA sequence? No, this is the DNA sequence of the strand complementary to the gene. The mRNA is a complementary copy of the DNA gene but RNA uses uracil instead of thymine. mRNA is also made in the 5' to 3' direction. What happens if we introduce a point mutation —where one nucleotide is changed to another — in the DNA sequence of the gene? Messenger RNA is a copy of the genetic information on DNA. Any changes in the DNA sequence will be reflected in the mRNA sequence. The tRNA sequence does not change since tRNA does not carry the genetic information. In this case, the single DNA-base change causes the resulting protein sequence to change at one amino acid — — you'll learn more about how the genetic code is translated in the next concept. Another change that could occur in the DNA sequence is a deletion causing one or more bases to be cut out of the gene. Nothing happens to the protein. No, if the DNA sequence changes, so will the mRNA sequence and the protein sequence. The mRNA sequence has changed, so the protein sequence will change. The tRNA will no longer read the shorter mRNA, so no protein will be made. No, the tRNA can still read the mRNA. What happens to the protein coded by the mRNA of a gene if there is a 5 base pair deletion in the DNA? If there is a 5 base pair deletion in the DNA of a gene, the mRNA for the gene will be 5 base pairs shorter. Protein will still be made from this mRNA, but the protein sequence will change. In this case, the amino acid chain coded by this altered mRNA is shorter. CONGRATULATIONS!!! YOU'RE SO SMART!

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