Doctor Thomas Nuhse explains that phosphorylation is the process by which a phosphate is added to a protein to produce a change in that protein.

Phosphorylation is essentially a way of decorating a protein by adding a phosphate onto it, and this phosphorylation does one of many different things. It could mean either that the protein becomes more active or less active, it could mean that it starts working together with another protein, it could mean that it becomes less stable in the cell or more stable or it could mean that it goes to a different place in the cell.

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