François Jacob draws out the control mechanism he co-discovered. In the 1960s, the control of protein production was figured out for a sugar metabolic pathway in bacteria. Bacteria turn on the production of an enzyme called beta-galactosidase when the sugar galactose is a food source. The mechanics of this type of genetic control are applicable to single-celled organisms like bacteria. However, the general principles of how genetic control works also apply to higher-order cells.

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