Interviewee: Paul Lombardo. Arthur Estabrook, a psychologist for the Eugenics Record office, testified that Carrie, her daughter Vivian, and her mother Emma were all feeblminded. (DNAi Location: Chronicle > Trial of Carrie Buck > Trial > Arthur Estabrook's testimony)

The first witness, Arthur Estabrook, was a man who traveled here from fieldwork in Kentucky and Indiana, arriving only a couple days before the trial, to do an evaluation of Carrie Buck and her daughter, and conclude that, in his opinion, both of those people were feebleminded and likely to be morally degenerate. He also gave the opinion that Carrie's mother Emma was somehow defective.

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